Interview Question And Answer In C & Objective C

Q. What is Program?

A. Program is a group of instruction typed by programmer in high level language. Compiler translate our program from high level to machine language.


Q. What is Flowchart?

A. Pictorial and graphical representation of program logic.


Q. What is Objective C?

A. The Objective C is a simple computer language designed to enable sophisticated object oriented programming.

Objective C is a very dynamic language means we don't have to tell the compiler what type of object we are working with at compile time.

Objective C is a dynamic because of three dynamic feature:

1) Dynamic Typing - Determining the class of object at run time.
2) Dynamic Binding - Determining the method to invoke at run time.
3) Dynamic Loading - Adding new modules to a program at runtime.


Q. What is cocoa?

A. cocoa is an application environment for both mac os & ios. It consists of suit of object oriented libraries, runtime system and an IDE.

Difference between copy and mutableCopy

copy and mutableCopy are methods of NSObject Class.
copy and mutableCopy are defined in different protocols (NSCopying and NSMutableCopying, respectively), and NSArray conforms to both.

We will take the example of Array in objective-C. MutableArray is the extension of NSArray class. Therefore, all the methods available in NSArray is available in NSMutableArray, but the additional methods present in NSMutableArray is not known to NSArray class.

Now moving ahead, the copy method on an NSArray will return an object of type NSArray(The array that can not be modified). And mutableCopy method will return an object of mutable type (The array that can be modified).

Now, there can below cases :

Case 1:

    NSArray *arr1=[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"A",@"B",@"C", nil];

    NSArray *arr2=[arr1 copy];

    NSLog(@"arr1:%@",[arr1 description]);

    NSLog(@"arr2:%@",[arr2 description]);

In this case an NSArray object is returned and is received in an NSArray object.

So, the array received can not be modified.

Therefore, we will not be able to use below statement

[arr2 insertObject:@"Z" atIndex:0];

Case 2:

    NSArray *arr1=[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"A",@"B",@"C", nil];

    NSArray *arr2=[arr1 mutableCopy];

    NSLog(@"arr1:%@",[arr1 description]);

    NSLog(@"arr2:%@",[arr2 description]);

In this case an NSMutableArray object is returned and is received in an NSArray object.

Since the receiver object is of type NSArray, it doesn't know the methods present in NSMutableArray, arr2 will not be able to use any of the methods of NSMutableArray.

That is, the method mutableArray will make no sense in this scenario.

So, we will not be able to use below statement

[arr2 insertObject:@"Z" atIndex:0];

Case 3:

    NSArray *arr1=[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"A",@"B",@"C", nil];

    NSMutableArray *arr2=[arr1 copy];

    NSLog(@"arr1:%@",[arr1 description]);

    NSLog(@"arr2:%@",[arr2 description]);

In this case an NSArray object is returned and is received in an NSMutableArray type object. The receiver arr2 is now pointing to an object address that is of type NSArray. However arr2 has the additional methods than NSArray, it will not be able to use those methods coz the pointed object NSArray does not know the additional methods present in arr2(NSMutableArray).

Hence, we will not be able to use below statement

[arr2 insertObject:@"Z" atIndex:0];

Case 4:

    NSArray *arr1=[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"A",@"B",@"C", nil];

    NSMutableArray *arr2=[arr1 mutableCopy];

    NSLog(@"arr1:%@",[arr1 description]);

    NSLog(@"arr2:%@",[arr2 description]);

    [arr2 insertObject:@"Z" atIndex:0];

In this scenario, the receiver(arr2) of type NSMutableArray receives an object of type NSMutableArray. Therefore, the receiver knows the additional methods of NSMutableArray as well as the object that is being pointed by receiver(arr2).

And finally below statement will work like charm,

[arr2 insertObject:@"Z" atIndex:0];

Log before insertion will be:

arr1:(

    A,

    B,

    C

)

arr2:(

    A,

    B,

    C

)

And log after insertion will be:

arr1:(

    A,

    B,

    C

)

arr2:(

    Z,

    A,

    B,

    C

)